Just over one century ago, Willem Einthoven was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition of his substantial contributions toward bringing the electrocardiograph into clinical practice. The field of electrocardiography continues to evolve and plays a central role in clinical practice and biomedical research. This combined session from HRS and International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology (ISHNE) will feature master electrocardiographers encountering a series of several complex ECGs as unknowns, presented with audience response.

• Describe the approach toward complex bradyarrhythmias.
• Summarize the approach toward complex to ventricular tachyarrhythmias
• Review the approach toward complex supraventricular tachycardias. .

Vassilios Vassilikos, MD
Zachary Goldberger, MD

ECG Unknown #1
Presenter(s): John D. Fisher, MD

ECG Unknown #2
Presenter(s): Niraj Varma, MD, PhD

ECG Unknown #3
Presenter(s): Harikrishna Tandri, MD

ECG Unknown #4
Presenter(s): Melvin M. Scheinman, BChir, MD

ECG Unknown #5
Presenter(s): Sergio L. Pinski, MD

John Fisher:

• Nothing Relevant to Disclose

Niraj Varma:

• EP Solutions (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Independent Contractor (including contracted research))
• Boston Scientific (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Independent Contractor (including contracted research))
• Biotronik (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Independent Contractor (including contracted research))
• Implicity (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Independent Contractor (including contracted research))
• Abbott (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Independent Contractor (including contracted research))
• Impulse Dynamics USA (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Independent Contractor (including contracted research))

Harikrishna Tandri:

• Abbott (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Consulting)

Melvin Scheinman:

• Abbott (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Speaking and Teaching)
• Boston Scientific (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Speaking and Teaching)
• Johnson and Johnson (Honoraria/Speaking/Consulting Fee - Speaking and Teaching)

Sergio Pinski:

• Abbott (Travel/Entertainment - I attended training course, they paid for travel and accomodations)

To view all Heart Rhythm 2025 Faculty Disclosures, please click here.

Bradyarrhythmias
   --   Sinus Node Dysfunction and AV Block
      --   45. Identify mimics of sinus bradycardia and/or AV block such as atrial or junctional rhythm including concealed junctional extrasystoles or isorhythmic rhythms.

Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
   --   Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
      --   98. Know the electrophysiology properties of atrioventricular, atriofascicular, fasciculoventricular, nodofascicular, and nodoventricular accessory pathways.

Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
   --   Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
      --   175. Know how to identify and when/how to manage idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, such as those originating from the right and left ventricular outflow tracts, papillary muscles and fascicles.